Common cold
The common cold is a mild viral infection of the nose and throat. It is very common at all ages, especially in winter, and children may catch several colds a year. Most people get better on their own within 7 to 10 days. Antibiotics do not help a cold because it is caused by viruses.
Symptoms
- Runny or blocked nose
- Sneezing
- Sore or scratchy throat
- Cough
- Mild fever, more often in children
- Tiredness and mild body aches
Causes
- Cold viruses (most often rhinoviruses)
- Droplets from an infected person who coughs or sneezes
- Touching your eyes, nose or mouth with hands that touched infected surfaces
- Crowded rooms with little fresh air in winter
Prevention
- Wash hands often with soap and water
- Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze
- Avoid close contact with people who have a cold
- Let fresh air into the room when it is safe
- Do not share cups or towels
Treatment
- Rest and drink plenty of warm fluids such as water, tea and soup
- Paracetamol or ibuprofen for fever and aches, following the label
- Warm salt-water gargles for a sore throat
- Saline nose drops for a blocked nose, especially in babies
- A spoon of honey for cough (never for babies under 1 year)
- Antibiotics do not help a cold — do not start antibiotics or other prescription medicines without a doctor
Common questions
Do I need antibiotics for a cold?
No. A cold is caused by viruses, and antibiotics only work against bacteria. Taking antibiotics you do not need can cause side effects and makes bacteria resistant to them.
How long can I pass a cold to others?
You are most likely to spread a cold in the first 2 to 3 days of symptoms, but it can spread for up to about a week. Washing hands and covering coughs helps protect your family.