Giardiasis
Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by a tiny parasite called Giardia. It is very common in Afghanistan and spreads through contaminated water, food and unwashed hands. It causes diarrhoea, gas and bloating that can last for weeks, and in children it can affect growth. It is easily treated with medicine.
Symptoms
- Watery or soft, greasy, bad-smelling diarrhoea
- Gas, bloating and stomach cramps
- Burping with a bad, rotten-egg taste
- Nausea and loss of appetite
- Tiredness and weight loss
- Symptoms that come and go for weeks
Causes
- Giardia parasite
- Drinking untreated water from wells, streams or pipes
- Eating food or salads washed in contaminated water
- Not washing hands after the toilet or changing nappies
- Close contact with an infected person, especially among children
Prevention
- Drink boiled or filtered water
- Wash hands with soap after the toilet, after changing nappies and before eating
- Wash fruit and vegetables with clean water
- Keep latrines away from wells and water sources
Treatment
- A stool test can confirm the infection
- Medicine prescribed by a doctor, such as metronidazole or tinidazole
- Drink plenty of fluids and use ORS if there is a lot of diarrhoea
- Avoid alcohol while taking metronidazole or tinidazole
- Other family members may also need testing
- Do not start prescription medicines without a doctor
Common questions
Why does giardia cause rotten-egg burps?
The parasite disturbs digestion in the small intestine, so food ferments and makes gas with a bad smell. This usually stops after treatment.
Can giardia come back after treatment?
Yes, if you drink unsafe water again or other family members are still infected. Safe water and handwashing are the best protection.