Mastitis (breast infection)
Mastitis is painful swelling and inflammation of the breast, usually in breastfeeding mothers in the first weeks or months after birth. It often starts when milk builds up in the breast and can turn into an infection. It is common and usually gets better quickly with continued breastfeeding and, if needed, antibiotics. Without treatment it can form an abscess (a collection of pus).
Symptoms
- A painful, hot, red or swollen area of the breast
- A hard lump or firm area in the breast
- Fever, chills and body aches like flu
- Burning pain while breastfeeding
- Usually only one breast is affected
Causes
- Milk not fully emptied from the breast, for example from missed feeds or a poor latch
- Cracked or sore nipples that let bacteria in
- Tight clothing or pressure on the breast
- Stopping breastfeeding suddenly
- Tiredness and stress
Prevention
- Breastfeed often, whenever the baby wants, day and night
- Make sure the baby takes a large part of the dark area around the nipple into the mouth, not just the nipple
- Let the baby finish one breast before offering the other, and change feeding positions
- Avoid tight clothing on the breasts
- If you need to stop breastfeeding, reduce feeds slowly
Treatment
- Keep breastfeeding — it is safe for the baby and helps clear the blockage; start on the sore side
- Warm cloths before feeds and cool cloths after
- Rest and drink plenty of fluids
- Paracetamol or ibuprofen for pain and fever
- Antibiotics if there is no improvement in 12 to 24 hours or you are very unwell — prescribed by a doctor
- An abscess may need to be drained by a doctor
Common questions
Can I keep breastfeeding with mastitis?
Yes. Breastfeeding is safe for your baby and is one of the best treatments, because it empties the breast. Most antibiotics given for mastitis are also safe while breastfeeding.
Will the infection pass to my baby through the milk?
No. The milk is safe for the baby. The baby may sometimes refuse the affected breast because the milk tastes slightly salty, but this is not harmful.