What type 2 diabetes is

In type 2 diabetes the body cannot use the sugar from food properly, so the level of sugar in the blood becomes too high. Over time this can damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and feet. It is becoming more common in Afghanistan. Being overweight, not moving enough, getting older and having diabetes in the family all increase the risk.

Signs to look out for

  • Feeling very thirsty and passing urine often
  • Tiredness, and losing weight without trying
  • Blurred vision
  • Wounds that heal slowly, or frequent infections
  • Tingling or numbness in the feet

Many people have no signs at all for years. If you are over 40, overweight, or have diabetes in the family, ask for a blood sugar test.

Daily control

  • Take your medicines exactly as your doctor prescribed, and do not stop them when you feel well.
  • Check your blood sugar as your doctor advises, and keep a record.
  • Eat smaller portions of bread and rice, and choose whole-wheat bread when you can. Fill half your plate with vegetables, and add lentils, beans, eggs or lean meat.
  • Avoid sugary drinks, sweets and sugar in your tea. Eat whole fruit rather than juice.
  • Walk or be active for about 30 minutes on most days.
  • Do not smoke or use naswar.

Take care of your feet

Diabetes can reduce the feeling in your feet, so small injuries may go unnoticed and become serious.

  • Look at your feet every day for cuts, blisters, redness or swelling.
  • Wash them daily and dry them well, especially between the toes.
  • Do not walk barefoot. Wear comfortable, closed shoes.
  • Cut nails straight across, and do not cut corns yourself.
  • Keep your feet away from the bukhari, sandali coals and hot water bottles; you may not feel a burn.

When to see a doctor

See your doctor regularly, and have your eyes, feet and kidneys checked as advised. See a doctor quickly for a foot wound that is not healing, or skin that turns red, black or swollen. If you feel shaky, sweaty or confused, eat or drink something sweet at once. Go to the nearest hospital immediately if there is confusion that does not improve, fainting, repeated vomiting, or very fast breathing.

To review your diabetes plan, book a consultation with a doctor in the app or visit a clinic.