Acne
Acne is a common skin condition that causes spots, blackheads and sometimes painful lumps on the face, chest and back. It mostly affects teenagers and young adults but can continue into adulthood. Acne is not caused by dirt or by eating oily food alone. It can be treated, and early treatment helps prevent scars.
Symptoms
- Blackheads and whiteheads
- Red spots and pus-filled pimples
- Painful deep lumps (nodules or cysts) in severe acne
- Oily skin
- Dark marks or scars after spots heal
Causes
- Hormone changes during puberty, before periods or with PCOS
- Too much oil blocking the skin pores
- Bacteria on the skin causing inflammation
- Family history of acne
- Oily creams or cosmetics, and some medicines such as steroids
Prevention
- Wash the face gently twice a day with mild soap and water
- Do not squeeze or pick spots, as this causes scars
- Use oil-free, non-greasy creams and cosmetics
- Keep hair clean and away from the face
- Eat a balanced diet and drink enough water
Treatment
- Creams or gels such as benzoyl peroxide or retinoids for mild acne
- Antibiotic tablets or creams prescribed by a doctor for moderate acne
- Hormonal treatment for some women
- Isotretinoin tablets for severe acne only under a specialist; they must never be taken in pregnancy
- Treatment usually takes 6 to 8 weeks to show results
- Do not start antibiotic or isotretinoin tablets without a doctor
Common questions
Does eating oily food or chocolate cause acne?
Food is not the main cause. In some people, sugary foods and lots of milk may make acne a little worse. A balanced diet is good for the skin, but treatment is what clears acne.
Should I squeeze my pimples?
No. Squeezing pushes infection deeper and can leave dark marks and permanent scars.