Constipation
Constipation means passing stool less often than usual — fewer than 3 times a week — or having hard, dry stool that is difficult to pass. It is very common at all ages, especially in pregnancy, in older people, and in people who drink little water or eat little fibre. It usually improves with changes in diet and activity.
Symptoms
- Fewer than 3 bowel movements a week
- Hard, dry or lumpy stools
- Straining or pain when passing stool
- Feeling that the bowel is not completely empty
- Stomach ache and bloating
Causes
- Not enough fibre from vegetables, fruit and whole grains
- Not drinking enough water
- Little physical activity
- Ignoring the urge to go to the toilet
- Pregnancy
- Some medicines, such as iron tablets, codeine and tramadol, or an underactive thyroid
Prevention
- Eat more vegetables, fruit, beans, lentils and whole-grain naan
- Dried apricots, raisins and figs can help
- Drink plenty of clean water through the day
- Walk or stay active every day
- Do not ignore the urge, and try to go at a regular time after meals
Treatment
- More fibre and fluids are the first step
- A bulk-forming or gentle laxative, such as ispaghula husk or lactulose, for a short time
- For children: more fluids and fruit, and ask a doctor before giving any laxative
- Talk to your doctor if a medicine you take may be the cause
- Do not use strong laxatives for a long time without a doctor
Common questions
Can iron tablets cause constipation?
Yes, iron often makes stools harder and darker. Drink more water and eat more fibre. Do not stop iron prescribed in pregnancy without talking to your doctor.
Is it harmful to use laxatives every day?
Fibre-based laxatives are generally safe for longer use. Stimulant laxatives used every day for a long time can make the bowel lazy, so use them only for short periods unless a doctor advises otherwise.