Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the leg. It can happen after long bed rest, surgery, long journeys, during pregnancy or after childbirth. The main danger is that part of the clot can break off and travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism), which can be life-threatening. Treatment with blood thinners works well.
Symptoms
- Swelling of one leg, usually the calf
- Pain or tenderness in the calf or thigh, worse when standing or walking
- Warm skin that looks red or darker than usual
- A heavy ache in the leg
- Signs of a clot in the lungs: sudden breathlessness, chest pain that is worse when breathing in, or coughing up blood
Causes
- Long periods without moving, such as bed rest, illness or long bus or plane journeys
- Surgery, especially on the hip, knee or belly
- Pregnancy and the first 6 weeks after childbirth
- Hormone medicines containing oestrogen, such as some contraceptive pills
- Cancer, a previous clot or a family history of clots
- Being overweight, smoking, older age and dehydration
Prevention
- On long journeys, move your feet and ankles often and walk when you can
- Get up and walk soon after surgery or childbirth, as advised
- Drink enough water
- Keep a healthy weight and do not smoke
- Use clot-prevention medicines or stockings in hospital if your doctor advises
Treatment
- Blood thinner medicines (anticoagulants) for at least 3 months, as prescribed
- Regular blood tests if your medicine needs them
- Compression stockings in some cases
- Walking and moving as your doctor advises
- Hospital care for large clots or a clot in the lungs
- Do not start or stop blood thinners or other prescription medicines without a doctor
Common questions
Should I massage a painful, swollen leg?
No. If a clot may be the cause, massage could loosen it. See a doctor first to find out why the leg is swollen.
Are women at risk of clots after childbirth?
Yes. The risk is higher during pregnancy and for about 6 weeks after birth, especially after a caesarean section. Walking early, drinking enough water and reporting leg swelling or breathlessness quickly are important.