Acid reflux (GERD)
Acid reflux happens when stomach acid flows back up into the food pipe (oesophagus), causing a burning feeling called heartburn. Occasional reflux is common; when it happens twice a week or more it is called GERD. Lifestyle changes and medicines usually control it well.
Symptoms
- Burning pain in the chest behind the breastbone (heartburn), often after meals or when lying down
- A sour or bitter taste as acid comes up into the mouth
- Belching and bloating
- Hoarse voice, cough or sore throat, especially in the morning
- Difficulty or pain when swallowing in some people
Causes
- A weak muscle valve at the bottom of the food pipe
- Large, fatty or spicy meals, and eating late at night
- Being overweight, and pregnancy
- Smoking, naswar, and strong tea or coffee
- A hiatus hernia (part of the stomach pushing up into the chest)
- Some medicines, such as painkillers
Prevention
- Eat smaller meals and do not lie down for 2 to 3 hours after eating
- Raise the head of the bed or use an extra pillow
- Keep a healthy weight
- Stop smoking and naswar
- Cut down on fatty and spicy food, strong tea and fizzy drinks
- Wear loose clothes around the waist
Treatment
- Lifestyle changes are the first step
- Antacids or alginate medicines for short-term relief
- Acid-reducing medicines, such as omeprazole or famotidine, as advised by a doctor
- A doctor review if you need medicine for a long time
- Do not start prescription medicines without a doctor
Common questions
How can I tell heartburn from heart pain?
Heartburn is usually a burning feeling after meals or when lying down and often eases with antacids. Pain with sweating, breathlessness, or spreading to the arm, neck or jaw may be the heart. If in doubt, get emergency help.
Is reflux common in pregnancy?
Yes, heartburn is very common in pregnancy. Small meals and not lying down after eating help. Ask your doctor or midwife before taking any medicine.