Migraine
Migraine is a common brain condition that causes repeated attacks of moderate to severe headache, often on one side of the head and with nausea and sensitivity to light. It is more common in women and often starts in the teenage or young adult years. Migraine is not dangerous in itself, but it can disturb work and family life; treatment can make attacks fewer and milder.
Symptoms
- Throbbing or pounding headache, often on one side
- Headache lasting 4 hours to 3 days
- Nausea or vomiting
- Light and noise make it worse
- Some people see flashing lights or zigzag lines before the headache (aura)
- Pain gets worse with normal activity such as walking or climbing stairs
Causes
- Tends to run in families
- Common triggers: too little or too much sleep, skipped meals, stress
- Hormone changes such as periods
- Bright light, strong smells or loud noise
- Some foods and drinks, and too much or too little tea or coffee
- Overuse of painkillers can make headaches more frequent
Prevention
- Keep a headache diary to find your triggers
- Sleep and eat at regular times; do not skip meals
- Drink enough water
- Manage stress with rest, walking and relaxation
- Do not take painkillers on more than 10 to 15 days a month
- If attacks are frequent, ask a doctor about a daily preventive medicine
Treatment
- Rest in a quiet, dark room at the start of an attack
- Simple painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, taken early in the attack
- Anti-sickness medicine or migraine-specific tablets (triptans) prescribed by a doctor
- A daily preventive medicine for frequent attacks, prescribed by a doctor
- Do not use strong painkillers or injections from the bazaar without a doctor
Common questions
Is migraine a sign of a brain tumour?
Almost never. Migraine is a common condition on its own. A doctor will look for warning signs such as a new headache after 50, weakness, or a headache that keeps getting worse.
Can taking painkillers every day cause more headaches?
Yes. Taking painkillers on more than 10 to 15 days a month can cause medication-overuse headache. A doctor can help you stop safely and start preventive treatment.