Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become thin and weak, so they break easily, even after a small fall. It is most common in women after menopause and in older men. It causes no symptoms until a bone breaks, often the wrist, hip or spine. In Afghanistan, low vitamin D from little sunlight, low calcium in the diet and many pregnancies add to the risk.
Symptoms
- Usually no symptoms until a bone breaks
- A broken wrist, hip or spine after a minor fall
- Sudden back pain from a collapsed spine bone
- Loss of height over time
- A stooped, bent-forward back
Causes
- Menopause (loss of the hormone oestrogen) and older age
- Low calcium in the diet and low vitamin D (little sunlight on the skin)
- Low body weight and poor nutrition
- Long-term use of steroid tablets
- Smoking and lack of physical activity
- Family history, an overactive thyroid and some other medical conditions
Prevention
- Eat calcium-rich foods every day: milk, yoghurt, dogh, cheese, beans and green leafy vegetables
- Get some safe sunlight on the face and arms, or take vitamin D if a doctor advises
- Walk and do weight-bearing exercise regularly
- Do not smoke
- Prevent falls at home: good lighting, no slippery rugs, a handrail on stairs
- Women over 65 and people with risk factors can ask about a bone density test
Treatment
- Calcium and vitamin D supplements if your diet is low in them, as advised by a doctor
- Bone-strengthening medicines such as alendronic acid, prescribed by a doctor
- Exercise to improve strength and balance
- Fall prevention at home
- Treatment of the underlying cause where possible
- Do not take steroid tablets or injections without a doctor
Common questions
Can young women get weak bones too?
Yes. A poor diet, little sunlight, many pregnancies close together and long breastfeeding without enough calcium and vitamin D can weaken the bones of younger women. A good diet and safe sunlight protect the bones for life.
How should alendronic acid be taken?
Usually once a week, first thing in the morning on an empty stomach, with a full glass of plain water, staying upright for at least 30 minutes before eating. Follow your doctor's instructions exactly.