Snake and scorpion bites
Snake bites and scorpion stings are common in rural Afghanistan, especially in summer and among farmers, shepherds and children. Some snakes, such as cobras and vipers, are very venomous and their bites can cause bleeding, paralysis or death. Most scorpion stings cause severe pain but are not dangerous to adults, although they can be serious in young children. Antivenom given in hospital saves lives.
Symptoms
- Pain, swelling and fang or sting marks at the bite
- Swelling that spreads up the limb
- Bleeding from the bite, gums or nose, or blood in urine (some snakes)
- Drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing, speaking or breathing (some snakes)
- Nausea, vomiting, sweating and dizziness
- Scorpion sting: burning pain, tingling and numbness; in children, restlessness, drooling, fast breathing or abnormal movements
Causes
- Venomous snakes such as cobras and vipers
- Scorpions hiding in shoes, bedding, walls and under stones
- Walking barefoot or in the dark
- Putting hands into holes, wood piles or under stones
- Sleeping on the ground
Prevention
- Wear shoes and use a torch when walking at night
- Shake out shoes, clothes and bedding before use
- Sleep on a raised bed or under a tucked-in bed net, not on the ground
- Keep the area around the home clear of rubbish, wood piles and tall grass
- Do not try to catch or kill snakes
Treatment
- Keep the person calm and still, and take them to hospital quickly
- Remove rings, watches and tight clothing near the bite
- Keep the bitten limb still, like a broken bone, at about heart level
- Do not cut the wound, suck out venom, tie a tight tourniquet, apply ice or use traditional remedies
- Snake bites may need antivenom in hospital; scorpion stings: wash, apply a cold cloth and take paracetamol for pain
- Take children with scorpion stings to a clinic; do not start prescription medicines without a doctor
Common questions
Should I tie a tight band above a snake bite?
No. A tight tourniquet can cut off blood flow and cause the limb to be lost. Keep the limb still, remove tight items and get to hospital quickly.
Should I kill the snake and bring it to the hospital?
No. Trying to catch or kill the snake can lead to more bites. If it is safe, take a photo from a distance. Doctors can treat the bite based on the symptoms.