Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition in which the body does not use insulin properly, so sugar (glucose) builds up in the blood. It usually starts in adults, especially people who are overweight or not active, and is becoming more common in Afghanistan. Without control it can damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves, feet and heart, but good care keeps most people healthy.
Symptoms
- Feeling very thirsty
- Passing urine often, also at night
- Tiredness and weakness
- Blurred vision
- Cuts and sores that heal slowly
- Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet
- Often no symptoms at first, found only on a blood test
Causes
- Being overweight, especially around the belly
- Little physical activity
- Diabetes in a parent, brother or sister
- Age over 40
- A diet high in sugar, white bread, white rice and oily food
- Having had diabetes during pregnancy
Prevention
- Keep a healthy weight
- Walk or be active for at least 30 minutes on most days
- Eat more vegetables, beans and whole-grain naan; less sugar, sweet tea and soft drinks
- Do not smoke
- Check your blood sugar regularly after age 40, or earlier if diabetes runs in the family
Treatment
- Healthy eating and regular exercise are the base of treatment
- Tablets such as metformin, prescribed by a doctor
- Some people need insulin injections
- Regular checks of blood sugar, HbA1c, blood pressure, kidneys and eyes
- Look at your feet every day for wounds
- Do not start, stop or change diabetes medicines without a doctor
Common questions
Can type 2 diabetes be cured?
Type 2 diabetes usually cannot be cured, but it can be well controlled. Losing weight, eating well and staying active can bring blood sugar back to normal in some people, sometimes with fewer medicines.
Can I fast in Ramadan if I have diabetes?
Some people with well-controlled diabetes can fast safely, but for others it is dangerous, especially those on insulin or certain tablets. Talk to your doctor a few weeks before Ramadan to adjust your medicines and plan blood sugar checks.