Dengue fever
Dengue fever is a viral infection spread by Aedes mosquitoes, which bite mostly during the day. In Afghanistan, outbreaks have been reported in eastern provinces such as Nangarhar, mainly in summer and autumn. Most people recover in about a week, but a small number develop severe dengue with bleeding and shock, which needs hospital care.
Symptoms
- Sudden high fever
- Severe headache and pain behind the eyes
- Severe muscle and joint pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- A skin rash a few days after the fever starts
- Warning signs: belly pain, repeated vomiting, bleeding gums or nose, black stool, extreme tiredness
Causes
- Dengue virus
- Bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes, mainly during the day
- Mosquitoes breed in clean standing water in containers, tyres and pots
- A second dengue infection carries a higher risk of severe illness
Prevention
- Empty, cover or remove containers that hold water around the home every week
- Use mosquito repellent and wear long sleeves during the day
- Use window screens and bed nets, including for daytime sleep
- Keep a sick person under a net so mosquitoes do not spread the virus
Treatment
- There is no specific medicine for the dengue virus
- Rest and drink plenty of fluids, including ORS
- Paracetamol only for fever and pain
- Do not take aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac or other NSAIDs, as they increase bleeding
- Blood tests and hospital care for warning signs or severe dengue
- Do not start prescription medicines or injections without a doctor
Common questions
Why should I not take ibuprofen for dengue?
Ibuprofen, aspirin and similar painkillers can increase the risk of bleeding in dengue. Use only paracetamol, in the correct dose, unless a doctor advises otherwise.
Is the fever going down a sign that I am getting better?
Not always. In dengue, the most dangerous time is often when the fever falls, around days 3 to 7. Watch for warning signs and go to hospital if they appear.