Irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common long-term condition of the gut that causes stomach pain, bloating and changes in bowel habits — diarrhoea, constipation or both. It does not damage the bowel or lead to cancer, but it can be very bothersome. It often starts in young adults, is more common in women, and stress can make it worse.
Symptoms
- Stomach pain or cramps, often eased by passing stool
- Bloating and wind
- Diarrhoea, constipation, or both in turns
- Mucus in the stool
- Feeling that the bowel has not fully emptied
Causes
- The exact cause is not known
- An oversensitive gut and changes in how the bowel moves
- Stress and anxiety
- Certain foods, such as beans, onions, fried food, or milk in some people
- Starting after a bout of food poisoning or gastroenteritis
Prevention
- Eat regular meals and eat slowly
- Keep a food diary to find foods that trigger symptoms
- Manage stress and stay physically active
- Drink plenty of water
- Increase fibre slowly if you are constipated
Treatment
- Changes in diet guided by your symptoms
- Soluble fibre, such as ispaghula husk, for constipation
- Antispasmodic medicines for cramps, as advised by a doctor or pharmacist
- Short-term medicines for diarrhoea or constipation
- Stress management, and talking therapy for some people
- Do not start prescription medicines without a doctor
Common questions
Can IBS turn into cancer?
No. IBS does not cause cancer or damage the bowel. But warning signs such as blood in the stool or weight loss should always be checked by a doctor.
Does stress really affect my stomach?
Yes. The gut and the brain are closely linked, and stress or worry can trigger IBS symptoms. Relaxation, regular sleep and exercise often help.